the unbearable notice is; that you've to make up your mind to be the difference and not the other way round else people will misjudge you even though you're not that person.
I. Prologue of Perfidy MTN, once heralded as the golden child of telecommunications in Africa, now stands accused in the court of public accountability.
Cloaked in branding brilliance and armed with influencer backed deception, they market connectivity but deliver captivity.
Their creed is not connection, but consumption of wallets, of trust, of digital dignity.
II. The Great Data Mirage How does 1GB vanish like mist in the Harmattan sun? MTN claims usage; we claim daylight robbery.
Background Data Drain: Users report hemorrhaging megabytes even while idle ghost apps, or ghost billing?
Stealthy Auto Renewals:
A cunning trapdoor packages renew without prompt, often seconds before expiry, charging the user even if balance is insufficient, plunging them into silent debt.
Night Data Shell Game: Night plans supposedly valid from midnight till dawn but access throttled or denied until 2am.
Fraud disguised as fair use.
“I’ve just subscribed for the 33th time after first subscribing #9000 for 45GB 30Days plan in the same month👹”
Another Concerned User Layers Issue As A Classified Fraud;
III. The Unholy Tariffs Data pricing on MTN is not just high; it’s high handed.
Biased Bandwidth Economics: MTN Nigeria’s average price per gigabyte towers above what #MTN charges in South Africa or #Ghana.
Same brand, same servers different rates?
That’s regional exploitation, not localization.
Punitive PAYG Billing: Accidentally fall out of a bundle and your airtime vanishes in seconds with no warning.
Billing at “standard rates” is code for sanctioned theft.
IV. The Customer Care Masquerade You dial 180 and enter purgatory.
Bots Before Humans: Conversations go in loops.
You’re passed from chatbot to cold line like a hot potato in a dead zone
“We’ll escalate this issue” becomes a mantra of delay problems disappearing into a black hole of broken promises.
Agents Without Authority: Even when you reach a rep, they lack the mandate to reverse charges or correct wrongs.
You’re stuck in bureaucratic limbo.
V. Network Tyranny They boast
“Everywhere you go” but what they deliver is “Nowhere you flow.”
InsiderNotes
Intentional Throttling? Peak hours see speeds drop to a crawl.
Meanwhile, premium users whisper tales of smoother streams.
Are we witnessing a class system in the cloud?
Selective Congestion: Some apps (read: high bandwidth or competitor friendly ones) mysteriously lag.
Others tied to MTN partners? Lightning-fast.
VI. The Final Accusation: Digital Colonialism This isn’t just about poor service.
It’s about gatekeeping access in the digital economy.
“MTN’s grip on infrastructure gives it a monopoly on our online lives”
A Concerned User Complains Bitterly;
They shape what’s fast, what’s slow, what’s possible while raking in billions from the very economies they throttle.
This is more than profit seeking; it’s a subtle form of control of a 21st-century telecom tyranny masquerading as connectivity.
VII. Epilogue: The People’s Verdict We do not seek pity, only parity.
We demand transparency, fairness, and a fundamental reset of digital ethics.
Until then, let the people rise switch providers, expose shady practices, and rewire the narrative.
This treatise shall be carved not in stone but in tweets, blogs, and viral threads.
A Global Citizen from Nigeria, Jeremiah, reminisced on how the $Twitter crackdown impacted the community:
“The sudden ban of Twitter, now referred to as X, several years ago sent shockwaves through communities, significantly affecting not only individuals’ ability to connect and share but also disrupting businesses and revenue streams dependent on the platform.”
He added: “It highlighted the interconnectedness of individuals and businesses in the digital realm, where disruptions to online platforms can have far-reaching consequences on livelihoods.”
In 2024 Senegal is experiencing Nigeria’s history, as civil society organizations are taking the Senegalese government to the ECOWAS court regarding internet shutdowns that took place in June, July, and August 2023 as presidential elections were meant to be en route and popular opposition leader (and fierce critic of President Macky Sall) Ousmane Sonk was criminally charged and held in custody.
The blackouts not only limited the right to access information and the freedom of expression of everyday citizens, but it also limited the work of journalists on the ground.
Speaking to Global Citizen on the internet blackout in Senegal, the African head of the International Federation of Journalists, Louis Thomasi said: “Political interference is really putting a dent in qualitative journalism.
If you look at what’s happening in Africa all over, it is now a norm that during election periods, the internet will be cut off.
Even yesterday again [13 Feb. 2024] in Dakar, in Senegal, the internet was cut off.”
“It’s a deliberate attempt to suppress freedom of expression and media freedom in general,”
Louis Thomasi/African head of the International Federation of Journalists
Internet shutdowns and crimes against humanity
We’ve already mentioned that there’s an ongoing war in Sudan and the country has had its internet cut off several times in the face of the civil war.
Sudanese Global Citizen, Mazen, explains what having online access means to them: “Nowadays, the Internet means life.
It makes you aware and connected with the world.”
Internet blackouts in the country have heavily impacted people’s lives, but their impacts are a lot worse than you can imagine.
The loss of the internet has also meant that conflict-related atrocities can continue without being reported.
Advocacy organization, Access Now, has consistently kept tabs on the violent impacts of shutdowns in Sudan.
The organization noted that in 2021, the day before a pro-democracy protest was to take place, the internet was cut off along with phone and SMS services.
The protest continued regardless.
With citizens having no ability to transmit information inside or outside of Sudan, authorities took the opportunity to crack down physically on protesters.
At least 17 people were killed, and 250 people were injured as a result.
“The internet blackouts are doing their job and providing cover for the military’s violent takeover and hijacking of a possible democratic future for Sudan,”
“I have experienced natural disasters such as earthquakes, social unrest causing violent protests, terrorist attacks, all sorts of events that caused or forced involuntary internet shutdowns,”
“The one thing I missed the most in any of those instances was critical services and the ability to connect with my loved ones. This is what the internet means to me.”
Rwandan Global Citizen Gabriel
It’s futile to deny the importance of online access to people across the continent.
However, for as long as the internet exists, there will be ways to exploit it for the use of harm towards everyday citizens in African countries, and around the world.
Since 2011, the United Nations has called for universal internet access as a human right, however, this has not been implemented across countries despite the growing call for it
Right now what Global Citizens can do is remain informed about internet shutdowns and their impacts on communities, and spread the word about them so that their impacts do not go unnoticed and underreported.
As Sudan experiences a civil war where one of the most severe hunger crises of 2023 (and 2024 so far) is ongoing, access to humanitarian aid is both dire and scarce, and innocent lives are being scraped off the planet every day authorities added insult to injury by shutting the internet down when citizens needed it most.
It was mid-February 2024, almost a year into the ongoing violence, when Sudan’s internet would be disrupted for around 10 days.
While the current civil war has been ongoing for over a year, violence and conflict have clung to Sudan’s back on and off for years, and throughout, internet shutdowns have been the norm.
“Because of the internet shutdown, we are unable to communicate with our volunteers, we are unable to buy food, medicine and deliver these services to those in need.
Most of our soup kitchens in the greater Khartoum are cut off and therefore not working.”
A civilian expressed: “Due to war, using online banking apps for transactions has gained popularity given the lack of liquidity.
Now, however, we are almost starving because of this shutdown, as we can’t even buy food and medicine.
All my interactions, including business and online courses, have come to a stop too.”
Whether or not access to the internet should be considered a human right is no longer up for debate: it should be.
The internet has become a vital part of the engine that propels the world forward, and to block someone’s access to it is to block someone’s access to their already existing human rights.
Access to education, food, employment, health, and humanitarian aid, are all within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and because the internet has overwhelmingly become the means by which we access these rights, it should suffice that access to the internet itself should be a human right.
So when an entire region or nation has been denied the right to access the internet due to political agendas that are not always in the best interest of the people, we should be worried as a global society.
Internet shutdowns across the African continent are not only frustrating, but they are increasingly harmful.
Here’s what more you should know:
What are internet shutdowns?
We’re not talking about an outage here.
An outage is when an error or accident occurs and the internet goes off as a result, for instance in times of extreme weather where infrastructure is destroyed, or in the case of maintenance repairs.
A shutdown, on the other hand, is the deliberate turning off of the internet to control a population or the information flow surrounding a situation, and is often orchestrated by some form of authority.
Egypt’s authorities at the time caught on to the fact that demonstrators were using the internet to mobilize and multiply the protest movement, and so they shut off the internet directly impacting access to an open civic space for the right to protest and speak freely.
While it wasn’t the first internet shutdown in history, because of the magnitude of the Arab Spring protests, the world opened its eyes to how internet shutdowns can be weaponized.
A similar thing happened in the last African monarchy-state, eSwatini, in 2021, when pro-democracy and anti-police brutality protests erupted, the state shut down the internet citing “security reasons”, depriving children of their education, businesses of their income, and citizens alike of their free speech.
If it’s still not clear why these shutdowns are a bad thing, a Global Citizen from Ghana, who wished to stay anonymous, broke it down for us: “The internet means Information, which means power in the hands of the people.
The reason governments like to impose restrictions is so the information flow can be stagnant, robbing people of their power to be seen and heard.”
They can either rely on what’s called a routing disruption, which is to stop the transmission of information altogether, meaning people using the internet can’t connect to it, and information being sent will not find its destination.
This is largely what we’ve seen across the continent, particularly in the case of Sudan and eSwatini.
Global Citizen
The second is called packet filtering, where parts of the internet or specific sites are shut down, or specific content is targeted, for instance, Nigeria blocking access to Twitter in 2021.
In retaliation (or what the government referred to as protecting the state from “undermining Nigeria’s corporate existence”) the government banned Twitter for the entire country.
At the time, Human Rights Watch and other organizations raised alarm about the impact of freedom of expression and an open civic space, however, these calls were ignored by Buhari’s government.
What’s more is that any use of Twitter, including by journalists and media houses, was deemed “unpatriotic”, and could result in persecution.
We’ll continue the rest of the discussion in our next blog, subscribe to be the first to be notified when it drops.
A new way to launch apps and certain iOS features is hidden right behind your screen.
Quickly: Try to turn on your iPhone’s flashlight. If it took you longer than two seconds, you’re probably missing out on one of the iPhone’s best hidden features.
Though the iPhone’s Settings menus harbor many hidden gems, including one that can protect it from thieves, they’re so numerous and buried you’d be forgiven for mostly ignoring them.
Still, those who wish to turn their phone into the fastest flasher in the West needn’t look too hard.
Open Settings, scroll down to “Accessibility,” find “Touch,”
Scroll all the way down and tap “Back Tap.”
You’ll see two options: “Double Tap” and “Triple Tap.”
Each lets you tell your phone to do something when you tap its back twice or three times.
I use the trick for my flashlight, so I can quickly find things in the dark closet under my stairs, but you can customize the taps to do tasks like launch the camera, take a screenshot or mute your ringer.
If you have found uses for Siri beyond reeling off the population of Belgium, you can tap for the voice assistant too.
INSIDERNOTES
You can do even more powerful things with the help of Apple’s “Shortcuts” app.
It lets you create custom automations that you can trigger with the taps.
Open the app, tap the plus arrow to create a new shortcut, then add as many steps as you want.
When you return to your “Back Tap” settings, you’ll see all your saved automations as options.
“My favorite customization allows me to use Shazam, the app that helps identify any song you encounter while walking around, by just triple tapping the back of my phone”
a trick that lets you turn the back of your phone into an app launchpad
I’ve also made one that just starts playing the most recent episode of my favorite podcast and one that tells me the next event I have scheduled in my calendar.
Really, the possibilities are endless.
One small limit: Since you can only tap two ways, you can only use this feature to do two things.
And whatever you build, make sure you practice getting the tap to work before trying it in the wild.
Ensuring it consistently triggers requires finesse.
If you don’t have a case on your phone (you animal!) you can likely get it to work with just a gentle touch.
Those with thick cases might need to tap harder I’ve found it helps to use your fingernail.
A young man by the name AKPA JEREMIAH has disclosed how the economic hardship in his country turned him into Professional Content creator.
Initially, he was into graphics and cinematography, directing sessions of shootings and coverages.
When asked of how he had made the decision on budging from what seemed like a stagnation into a whole new life and to this exquisite experience through a fostering career he said
“No one except God knows what we have sacrificed together for the sake of success in life”
Akpa Jeremiah
Mr. Akpa Jeremiah also stated that all went alright until he felt something like a weight was behind dragging him backward and that made him really felt stagnated despite all his competency.
It’s probably not fair to characterize what happened to him as life handing him a lemon.
“However, the one good thing about being stuck in bed is that you’ve got plenty of time on your hands”
Tristan James Jr.
He went further stressing that;
"It is unfortunate that we have not gotten there even after our sincere services but we still believe in God and the future is bright."
And when asked about his financial status quo as to whether it was part (played a huge role) of his ambitions that made him go scrambling and a pursuer of many odigie on humanitarian efforts turned into a career.
That has been the order of work in today’s world people thriving so hard tryna bring in a good value and endless decisionmaking assistance sprouting to the societal life, and it should’ve been easier that way.
“We decided not to do Ev!| To make money rather we work hard with sincererity” He continues…
JTF
How it all started
I started content creation in the earliest dwindles of 2020 without any help or advice or encouragement either.
Since then, I have struggled and faced many challenges along the line (with few of non lesser successes) and, God has never failed me and I have never given up on anything that patches the tires of mine running wheels.
“I have not made money from my Contents but consistently working hard and believing I will get there soon”
INSIDERNOTES
The digital world today, has generated a common value and leverage to the masses who had nothing to borrow for.
We tried to delve more deeper as to what had birthed this sensational urge to succeed in to a different field.
“What inspired me to start content creation is that I found out it is the easiest way I could express my feelings/rights to the world and equally teach them”
Akpa Jeremiah quoted;
And also exposing how people think, react, behave, and some of the things that could happen in the future or have already happened in the past.
You just had a total of 150K viewers and above now on YouTube being one of the greatest medium for developers especially in this erring age, how does it feel like knowing that you’re on the right path to achieving success?
YouTube Achievements for Akpa Jeremiah
On YouTube after just a short while of beginning this journey.
Well, let me start first by thanking each and everyone of you who is supporting me in one way or the other.
Often the road towards achieving success are filled with many obstacles hindrances and distractions but, one must be ready to overcome those columns of difficulties ignoring their lustful appetites of failures which are seen as distractions and staying focused.
I appreciate your comments, likes, views & shares, it all makes sense and is the reason that am here where I’m today.
I wouldn’t have gotten here if it weren’t for you people, I cannot do this without you, and also, don’t give up on me and please continue to support and share my Contents.
UMB
God bless you all forever amen!
Contact Us via Social Media; Prime:Comedy, Modelling & DOP Youtube:@Akpa Jeremiah Facebook:@Akpa Jeremiah IG:@Akpa_Jeremiah1 WhatsApp:@+2348116765809
Right now, diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives are under growing scrutiny.
Some companies are pulling back from DEI initiatives amid nervousness around shareholder activism and possible investor or customer pushback.
The So What
Highlighting the benefits of DEI to an organization’s performance and the wellbeing of employees is the best way to address this negativity, according to Nadjia Yousif, BCG’s Chief Diversity Officer.
“This isn’t about taking sides, but rather making the most of the opportunities to enhance business and societal value. DEI raises standards for everyone by improving innovation, performance, and the workplace experience across the board.”
INSIDERNOTES
DEI initiatives can boost financial performance, according to BCG research based on data from more than 27,000 employees in 16 countries.
Attracting talent. In a world where companies are reporting significant talent gaps, it makes sense to recruit from a more diverse pool. BCG research shows that almost one-third of people from underrepresented groups choose not to apply for or accept a position in companies that do not have inclusive work cultures.
Reducing attrition. Leadership that prioritizes inclusion in the workplace can slash attrition risk by 50%. That’s because employees who witness or experience discrimination, bias, or disrespect are nearly 1.4 times more likely to quit their job.
Increasing motivation. When employees believe that DEI programming is a corporate leadership priority, the number of all employees who are happy increases by 31 percentage points, while the number of those who feel motivated increases by nearly 25 percentage points.
Companies with above+average diversity on their management teams also report innovation revenue 19% points higher than companies with below+average leadership diversity.
“Diversity in business is not about hitting quotas, it’s about assembling the best teams with different backgrounds and perspectives. Just think about developing products or services, for example. A broad range of backgrounds and views will fuel innovation and be better attuned to the diversity of your customer base,”
Yousif
Now What
Measure the leading indicators of diversity and inclusion, not just the outcomes.
Approach DEI as any other business initiative, with KPIs that are measurable and have a set timeframe.
Review the success of different initiatives and learn from what works.
Keep track of your recruiting statistics, and ensure there is equity in pay, promotion, and retention.
It’s also important to measure employee inclusion to ensure underrepresented groups feel included in the workplace keeping in mind that this leads to higher levels of motivation, ambition, and retention.
Communicate what works–and what doesn’t.
Be transparent when communicating the impact of DEI initiatives to staff, the board of directors and/or shareholders.
Be open about areas where it’s taking longer to make progress, and where there’s been success. Using data to demonstrate the impact of DEI initiatives on company performance is the best way to address criticism.
Lead from the front. Senior leaders should openly and publicly commit to the importance of DEI as well as equipping direct managers with the tools to practice empathetic leadership.
Companies also need a clear feedback loop and escalation mechanism to quickly address any instances of discrimination, bias, and harassment that can undermine progress.
Influence your network.
Companies can influence a wider ecosystem beyond their own workforce.
They can expand supplier diversity, for example, and improve the customer experience (and revenues) through more inclusive product design or marketing materials that avoid stereotypes.
By embedding the importance of DEI into all aspects of a company’s operations, organizations can drive broader societal change often an element of organizational purpose statements.
“DEI isn’t a nice to have for companies. In an increasingly complex and competitive market, business leaders need to access and nurture the best talent, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, sexual identity, or disability status. But it’s not just a business imperative, there’s also a moral imperative to ensure all human beings have a chance to flourish and thrive,”
Our World
Beyond the impact we can drive through our client work, we use our expertise, partnerships, and networks to catalyze change, amplifying commitments within industry and investing in diverse communities and customer segments.
The world’s single train refinery, the Dangote Refinery, has made an essential move by issuing tenders to sell its first two fuel cargoes for export in Nigeria.
The development is an essential step for the newly launched refinery, which has generated a buzz in the industry.
A Reuters report quotes three sources saying that the first cargo of 94,000 metric tons of sulphur straight run fuel oil, which Dangote has awarded to Nigeria, is due to load at the end of this week. Before 25th February 2024.
The second tender is for about 70,000 tons of naphtha, which three other sources told Reuters, with the tender started on February 05, 2024.
The development comes after reports emerged that the refinery was preparing to deliver its first fuel cargoes to the domestic market in early weeks today.
“Significant oil marketers in Nigeria had registered with Dangote Refinery to lift and distribute petroleum products from the $20 billion facility”
INSIDERNOTES
The Petroleum Products Outlets Owners Association of Nigeria said that PETROAN has been in talks with the refinery management holding on a conclusion to supply products from the facility as soon as possible.
The report outlined the seven significant marketers, including 11 Plc, Conoil Plc, AA Rano, Ardova Plc, MRS Oil Nigeria Plc, OVH Energy Marketing Limited, Total Nigeria Plc and NNPC Retail.
Adeola Yusuf, Energy Policy expert and Lead of Platforms Africa said the development is good and did say that the move will affect local pricing positive.
In another report the Port Harcourt refinery is set to begin operations after receiving 745,000 barrels of crude oil from #Shell Petroleum Development Company Limited.
The crude oil supply is the first to be made in the past few years due to the poor state of the plant, which called for rehabilitation and testing to ensure readiness for sustainable operations.
Port Harcourt refinery begins production after years of neglect Shell stated that the recommencement of crude oil supply from the BOGT to Port Harcourt Refinery is a significant achievement and a game changer for the industry and Nigeria.
The intensive preparations, partnerships, and dedication of both teams involved were responsible for overcoming challenges and ensuring safe and efficient supply operations.
According to Shell, the move will support the government’s plan of a steady supply of petroleum products to the downstream market and other associated benefits to Nigeria’s economy like the #150naira sale back from October, 7th, 2023.
FG gives oil firms in Nigeria strict orders on Dangote, other refineries as reported that the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) has ordered oil companies in Nigeria to supply about 934,000 barrels of crude oil daily to local refineries for the next seven months beginning from January, 1st, 2024.
The initiative is part of Nigeria’s efforts to ensure regular supply to local refiners for domestic consumption.
About 12 local refineries are expected to begin production in the coming weeks, including the 960,000 capacity Dangote refinery and Nigeria’s four refineries in Port Harcourt, 2 in Warri, and 3 in Kaduna.
The economic hardship in Nigeria has proven on over time that “while the seething nectar we drink inn harms no one else but ourselves” every institution from every sector is detrimental to this scourgerous failure.
It’s been an uphill battle over centuries for women to have the right to say and do as they please, and to make decisions over their own bodies, lives, and futures.
When it comes to gender equality, one thing the whole world can agree on is that we’ve not yet achieved it and not one country in the world has reached the milestone of viewing and treating women equally, and acknowledging them as autonomous beings who have a say over their decisions, movements, and bodies.
Few things in this world have been fought over as extensively as women’s bodies.
You’d think by now, in 2023, women would be free to make choices over their bodies and their futures; that we’d have reached a collective understanding that all human beings have the right to do what they want with their own bodies.
Alas, we’re not there yet instead, women’s sexual and reproductive health, their safety, and their rights are at risk the world over.
But to map out our journey to an equitable future, it’s important to know how far we’ve come.
Here are some of the most pivotal moments in recent history that have shaped the fight for women’s bodily autonomy.
This was a huge win after women had fought for it for decades, and scientists had to work around laws that prohibited contraceptive research at the time.
“The ability for women to control their reproductive cycle ushered in a transformation in women’s engagement in society, the economy, and politics in the US”
INSIDERNOTES
1969
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is created.
The UN’s sexual and reproductive health agency has been hard at work for 50 years building knowledge, awareness, and capacity on the importance of bodily autonomy, reproductive health and family planning, and to promote strategies and solutions for developing countries that are based on gender equality and human rights.
1984
The US institutes the “global gag rule”.
A.k.a. the Mexico City Policy, this dangerous policy prevents US aid and support for international organizations and partners whose work involves abortion.
These organizations are often prohibited from sourcing funding elsewhere for this purpose.
Between 1984 and 2022, the rule has been enacted and reversed by Republican and Democratic administrations respectively.
1993-1995
World leaders met at pivotal human rights conferences during this time, in Vienna, Beijing, and Cairo.
Recognizing the world was falling behind on progress towards gender equality, leaders united different agencies and offices to create a new organ of the UN system focused exclusively on gender equality and the empowerment of women.
Over the last decade, UN Women has made sure women’s rights stay on world leader’s agenda while supporting feminist movements and women leaders around the world.
Roe v. Wade was implemented in 1973 to safeguard the constitutional right to abortion across the US.
In 2022, the US Supreme Court overturned this 50 year decision, putting the question of women’s bodily autonomy and rights up for debate once again and putting millions of women’s lives, health, and futures in the balance.
When it was overturned, women in the country and around the world united in protest. The fight continues.
The COP28 climate summit in Dubai, November 2023. Here’s what you should know.
Many countries had their representatives at the COP28, and still yet are with less or zero knowledge about what really went down well, here’s a brief recap if you fall into this category just a two minute read.
Flooding in India, Cameroon, and Libya. Extreme heat across the US, Europe, and Asia.
A cyclone in Myanmar. A tropical storm hitting Japan, Guam, the Philippines, and Taiwan. The list goes on.
This is not exactly the kind of sentence you’d expect from a qualified climate expert, a group that prefers the more austere language of hard facts.
Yet, these days, “climate scientists are struggling for words,” writes climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe.
Instead, she’s started replying to questions about the latest extreme weather event or report about how dire things are with: “I am running out of original things to say.”
This year’s COP is a significant milestone: the first assessment of how countries are faring against emissions cutting commitments made at Paris in 2015 (known as the Paris agreement).
When the Paris agreement was signed in 2015, it was agreed that every five years countries would return with more ambitious plans to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and tackle global warming.
The #COVID19 pandemic caused COP to be canceled in 2020, making COP26 in Glasgow, Scotland, in 2021, one of the “big COPs.”
The “small COPs,” held in the intervening years, tend to focus on laying the groundwork for negotiations.
COPs usually open with a ceremonial opening meeting.
This is then followed by days of world leaders on stage talking about climate change, generally concentrating either on what their countries intend to do about it or on the dire consequences they are experiencing.
The remaining days have themes such as finance and energy and see politicians and business leaders stepping up to announce various new promises, pledges, coalitions, and projects.
But outside the doors, activists usually rage against superficial commitments and rally against political inaction.
This time, there’s been significant outrage after it was leaked to the Guardian that the UAE’s state oil company has been able to read emails to and from the COP28 climate summit office and was consulted on how to respond to a media inquiry.
Remind me, what was agreed at Paris?
Under the landmark Paris agreement at COP21 in 2015, nations committed to holding global heating to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre industrial levels, and preferably limiting warming to 1.5 degrees.
Though the deal is legally binding, the commitments that countries have made to cut their emissions are not, unless they are enshrined into national or regional legislation.
INSIDERNOTES
Who takes part?
The attendees at COP are dignitaries and Heads of State and Government as well as tens of thousands of government delegates and representatives of civil society, intergovernmental organizations, NGOs, and the media.
There are 197 parties which are broadly organized in five regional groups: Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Western Europe and Other States (including Australia, Canada, and the US).
At the cluster of COP side events, climate change leaders, experts, and influencers gather to share their stories and solutions at panel discussions, exhibits, cultural events, and more.
What happened at COP27?
After two weeks of fraught negotiations, a “historic pact” was struck at COP27 in which developed countries, which are historically responsible for the climate emergency, agreed to provide climate finance to help poorer countries experiencing climate-related disasters, known as a loss and damage fund.
Alok Sharma, the UK President of COP26, was more scathing about how the conference fared.
“I said in Glasgow that the pulse of 1.5 degrees was weak. Unfortunately, it remains on life support,” he said.
What do we want to happen at COP28?
An End to Fossil Fuels
That means support for the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty from world leaders to ensure a Just Transition away from fossil fuels, an end to fossil fuel subsidies, and robust taxing of remaining fossil fuel production.
Cough Up the Climate Finance
Now isn’t the time for baby steps, it’s time to go big: fund a Just Transition in all countries, help countries adapt to climate change, and fund loss and damage.
Protect Climate Activists and Environmental Defenders
Almost 2,000 environmental activists have been killed over the past decade.
We need a human rights approach to all aspects of climate action.
For me, this will always be the year I became a grandparent.
It will be the year I spent a lot of precious time with loved ones whether on the pickleball court or over a rousing game of Settlers of Catan.
And 2023 marked the first time I used artificial intelligence for work and other serious reasons, not just to mess around and create parody song lyrics for my friends.
This year gave us a glimpse of how AI will shape the future, and as 2023 comes to a close, I’m thinking more than ever about the world today’s young people will inherit.
In last year’s letter, I wrote about how the prospect of becoming a grandparent made me reflect on the world my granddaughter will be born into.
Now I’m thinking more about the world she will inherit and what it will be like decades from now, when her generation is in charge.
I can begin to picture it: the tools she will use, the ways she will stay in touch with her loved ones, the problems these innovations will help solve.
We now have a better sense of what types of jobs AI will be able to do by itself and which ones it will serve as a copilot for.
And it’s clearer than ever how AI can be used to improve access to education, mental health, and more.
It motivates me to make sure this technology helps reduce and doesn’t contribute to the awful inequities we see around the world.
I’ve always been a firm believer in the power of innovation to offer every child an equal chance to survive and thrive. AI is no exception.
Of course, AI is far from the only defining feature of 2023.
We are just at the beginning of this transition right now.
This is an exciting and confusing time, and if you haven’t figured out how to make the best use of AI yet, you are not alone.
I thought I would use AI tools for the foundation’s strategy reviews this year, which require reading hundreds of pages of briefing materials that an AI could accurately summarize for me.
But old habits are hard to break, and I ended up preparing for them the same way I always do.
Millions continue to experience unbearable grief as a result of Russia’s war on Ukraine and in the aftermath of the war in Ethiopia.
My heart is broken for the continued suffering of Israelis and Palestinians, as well as for the people of Sudan.
At the same time, more people are being forced to endure hardship as a result of more frequent extreme weather events caused by climate change.
And families around the world continue to be hit hard by rising inflation and slow economic growth.
There’s no question these are challenging times, but I remain optimistic about the future. The speed of innovation has never been faster.
We’re making big strides on tough problems like Alzheimer’s, obesity, and sickle cell disease that will improve the lives of millions of people.
My friend the late Hans Rosling used to say that
“things can be bad and getting better.”
INSIDERNOTES
It’s a good reminder that progress is not only possible but happening every day.
The team at CAPRISA in South Africa is using data to improve treatments for patients infected with both HIV and tuberculosis.
That’s why I remain dedicated to making sure that, even in the face of setbacks, the world continues to do more to help the poorest people.
I do the bulk of this work through the Gates Foundation, where my colleagues remain dedicated to improving global health, education, gender equality, and more.
While I could write a thousand pages about the incredible work they’re doing with our partners, this letter focuses on just a few of the most exciting breakthroughs.
I also write about why I’m optimistic about the world’s climate progress.
Most of my climate and energy work is done through Breakthrough Energy, although the Gates Foundation is helping people in low- and middle income countries adapt to a warming world.
I also continue to privately fund research into other areas like Alzheimer’s disease.
And I still get to advise Microsoft, which gives me insight into what’s coming down the pipeline and how it can be used to make the world a more equitable place.
I’m lucky that my work gives me insight into all the ways the world is getting better.
The challenges we face feel a lot less daunting when you understand what exactly it will take to tackle them.
In this letter, I will share just a few reasons I am optimistic about the year ahead.
I hope they make you as excited about all the progress to come as I am.
AI Is About To Supercharge The Innovation Pipeline.
My work has always been rooted in a core idea: Innovation is the key to progress.
It’s why I started Microsoft, and it’s why Melinda and I started the Gates Foundation more than two decades ago.
Innovation is the reason our lives have improved so much over the last century.
From electricity and cars to medicine and planes, innovation has made the world better.
Today, we are far more productive because of the IT revolution.
The most successful economies are driven by innovative industries that evolve to meet the needs of a changing world.
My favorite innovation story, though, starts with one of my favorite statistics: Since 2000, the world has cut in half the number of children who die before the age of five.
How did we do it? One key reason was innovation.
Scientists came up with new ways to make vaccines that were faster and cheaper but just as safe.
They developed new delivery mechanisms that worked in the world’s most remote places, which made it possible to reach more kids.
And they created new vaccines that protect children from deadly diseases like rotavirus.
In a world with limited resources, you have to find ways to maximize impact. Innovation is the key to getting the most out of every dollar spent.
And artificial intelligence is about to accelerate the rate of new discoveries at a pace we’ve never seen before.
One of the biggest impacts so far is on creating new medicines.
Drug discovery requires combing through massive amounts of data, and AI tools can speed up that process significantly.
Some companies are already working on cancer drugs developed this way.
But a key priority of the Gates Foundation in AI is ensuring these tools also address health issues that disproportionately affect the world’s poorest, like AIDS, TB, and malaria.
“We’re taking a hard look at the wide array of AI innovation in the pipeline right now and working with our partners to use these technologies to improve lives in low- and middle income countries”
Bill Gates
In the fall, I traveled to Senegal to meet with some of the incredible researchers doing this work and to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the foundation’s Grand Challenges initiative.
When we first launched Grand Challenges the Gates Foundation’s flagship innovation program it had a single goal: Identify the biggest problems in health and give grants to local researchers who might solve them.
We asked innovators from developing countries how they would address health challenges in their communities, and then we gave them the support to make it happen.
Many of the people I met in Senegal were taking on the first-ever AI Grand Challenge.
The foundation didn’t have AI projects in mind when we first set that goal back in 2003, but I’m always inspired by how brilliant scientists are able to take advantage of the latest technology to tackle big problems.
It was great to learn from Amrita Mahale about how the team at ARMMAN is developing an AI chatbot to improve health outcomes for pregnant women.
Much of their work is in the earliest stages of development there’s a good chance we won’t see any of them used widely in 2024 or even 2025.
Some might not even pan out at all. The work that will be done over the next year is setting the stage for a massive technology boom later this decade.
Still, it’s impressive to see how much creativity is being brought to the table. Here is a small sample of some of the most ambitious questions currently being explored:
Can AI combat antibiotic resistance? Antibiotics are magical in their ability to end infection, but if you use them too often, pathogens can learn how to ignore them. This is called antimicrobial resistance, or AMR, and it is a huge issue around the world especially in Africa, which has the highest mortality rates from AMR. Nana Kofi Quakyi from the Aurum Institute in Ghana is working on an AI-powered tool that helps health workers prescribe antibiotics without contributing to AMR. The tool will comb through all the available information including local clinical guidelines and health surveillance data about which pathogens are currently at risk of developing resistance in the area—and make suggestions for the best drug, dosage, and duration.
Can AI bring personalized tutors to every student? The AI education tools being piloted today are mind-blowing because they are tailored to each individual learner. Some of them like Khanmigo and MATHia are already remarkable, and they’ll only get better in the years ahead. One of the things that excites me the most about this type of technology is the possibility of localizing it to every student, no matter where they live. For example, a team in Nairobi is working on Somanasi, an AI-based tutor that aligns with the curriculum in Kenya. The name means “learn together” in Swahili, and the tutor has been designed with the cultural context in mind so it feels familiar to the students who use it.
Students interact with an AI tutor in a classroom in Nairobi, Kenya.
Can AI help treat high-risk pregnancies? A woman dies in childbirth every two minutes. That’s a horrifying statistic, but I’m hopeful that AI can help. Last year, I wrote about how AI-powered ultrasounds could help identify pregnancy risks. This year, I was excited to meet some of the researchers at ARMMAN, who hope to use artificial intelligence to improve the odds for new mothers in India. Their large language model will one day act as a copilot for health workers treating high-risk pregnancies. It can be used in both English and Telugu, and the coolest part is that it automatically adjusts to the experience level of the person using it whether you’re a brand-new nurse or a midwife with decades of experience.
Can AI help people assess their risk for HIV? For many people, talking to a doctor or nurse about their sexual history can be uncomfortable. But this information is super important for assessing risk for diseases like HIV and prescribing preventive treatments. A new South African chatbot aims to make HIV risk assessment a lot easier. It acts like an unbiased and nonjudgmental counselor who can provide around-the-clock advice. Sophie Pascoe and her team are developing it specifically with marginalized and vulnerable populations in mind—populations that often face stigma and discrimination when seeking preventive care. Their findings suggest that this innovative approach may help more women understand their own risk and take action to protect themselves.
Could AI make medical information easier to access for every health worker? When you’re treating a critical patient, you need quick access to their medical records to know if they’re allergic to a certain drug or have a history of heart problems. In places like Pakistan, where many people don’t have any documented medical history, this is a huge problem. Maryam Mustafa’s team is working on a voice-enabled mobile app that would make it a lot easier for maternal health workers in Pakistan to create medical records. It asks a series of prompts about a patient and uses the responses to fill out a standard medical record. Arming health workers with more data will hopefully improve the country’s pregnancy outcomes, which are among the worst in the world.
Tonee Ndungu whose team is developing Somanasi shows off the latest version of their personalized education tutor.
We can learn a lot from global health about how to make AI more equitable.
The main lesson is that the product must be tailored to the people who will use it.
The medical information app I mentioned is a great example: It’s common for people in Pakistan to send voice notes to one another instead of sending a text or email.
So, it makes sense to create an app that relies on voice commands rather than typing out long queries.
And the project is being designed in Urdu, which means there won’t be any translation issues.
If we make smart investments now, AI can make the world a more equitable place.
It can reduce or even eliminate the lag time between when the rich world gets an innovation and when the poor world does.
It is a premium smartwatch with exciting set of features including multisport tracker, AI fitness exercise coach, GPS and more.
In this quick smartwatch review, we take a close look at its features:
AmazFit Active smartwatch has a 1.75-inch HD AMOLED display with resolution of 454 * 454 pixels and pixel density of 341 ppi. You get over 100 colorful watch faces to choose from.
It is a lightweight device weighing just 24 grams with aluminium middle frame and silicone straps. The one with Lavender Purple and vegan leather strap weighs 27 grams.
Like other health and fitness trackers, AmazFit Active comes with various trackers. It is capable of tracking 24 * 7 heart rate levels, blood oxygen saturation levels and stress level monitors.
You can sync data with Zepp app and get complete insights about your health metrics.
It also supports over 120 sports modes. It auto detects seven sports.
One of the attractive features of this wearable is that it has built-in GPS.
Thanks to its circularly-polarized antenna, it is capable of tracking every twist and turn with exceptional accuracy.
The smartwatch calculates a unique Readiness score based on heart rate, sleep breathing activity and temperature to provide insights about overall well-being.
“It also has pre-installed Amazon Alexa as your smart assistant”
INSIDER
Battery Life and Bluetooth Calling
In terms of battery life, it runs for up to two weeks on a single charge with typical usage and with continuous GPS usage, it is rated to run for about 16 hours.
“With battery saver, it runs for up to a month”
INSIDER ACCORDING TO USERS EXPERIENCE
Thanks to the Bluetooth connectivity, you can easily make and receive phone calls. It also supports music storage for phone-free playback.
Price and Availability
AmazFit Active smartwatch comes in Lavender Purple, Midnight Black and Petal Link colors.
It is priced at ₹12,999/- in India and is available for purchase at Amazon and the Amazfit website.
We know Flutter devs love a good challenge, so just in time for the new year to really get going, we’re super excited to announce the next Flutter challenge!
The Global Gamers Challenge is an 8-week contest to design, build, and publish sustainable games, sponsored by Flutter and Global Citizen. Inspired by the mission of the United Nations-facilitated Playing for the Planet Alliance, which Google joined in 2023, international advocacy organization Global Citizen and Flutter, Google’s open-source framework for building multi-platform applications are partnering to host the Global Gamers Challenge.
What are sustainable games?
Sustainable games use the power of play to inspire positive environmental action. Imagine Candy Crush, but instead of crushing candies, you’re crushing plastic pollution! Or picture a game like Super Dash, but instead of collecting acorns, you’re turning off lights left on. Here are some more ideas inspired by Global Citizen campaigns running right now!
Encourage a reduction in home energy use
Data shows that American homes use an average 3x more kwh than the average home across the rest of the globe. Can you build a game that helps to reduce people’s reliance on inefficient energy sources?
Encourage a reduction in use of single-use plastics
Southeast Asia has some of the highest levels of plastic pollution in the world. Consider building a game that encourages players to make swaps to reduce reliance on single-use plastics.
Encourage use of public transportation and overland options for longer distances
Europe is home to many of the world’s greatest public transportation systems. Effective games can encourage people to use public transit rather than overland transport, like taking the train rather than flying for longer distances.
Just like Global Citizens do every day, we’re confident that games can encourage players to take small actions for the environment that when done collectively, lead to a large impact.
Tips on Getting Started!
SUPER DASH
Play Super Dash, a game we built to inspire you for this challenge. Help Dash capture the golden feather and watch nature be restored as she avoids enemies!
PRIZES
Winners will receive a trip to NYC in September 2024 to meet the Flutter team for a day of workshops and mentorship followed by the opportunity to celebrate their achievements with up to 60,000 other Global Citizens at Global Citizen Festival 2024!
GOOGLE WALLET CHALLENGE
If you’re up for extra credit, we’ve partnered with Google Wallet to offer an additional challenge to deploy an innovative integration of the Google Wallet API in your game. For eligible apps that feature Google Wallet, you will have a chance to win up to $30,000!
Whether you’re a Flutter developer who’s new to games, a game developer who is new to Flutter, or new to both game development and Flutter, you’re bound to learn something new while creating a positive impact on the world!
Zimbabwe | 61-year-old Esther is a married grandmother of two young grandchildren (Rudo and Munashe), and also looks after two nieces (Faith and Nicole). She struggles to feed her family and worries a great deal about where she will find food to feed them all. She has very little food supplies left, and her granddaughter Rudo needs to go out and collect termites for their family to eat. She makes a living supervising other farmers’ livestock, and is usually paid in food. | John Hewat/CARE International
Picture the map of the world. If you’re having trouble remembering the details, we’ll provide a visual aid. Have a look at this map of the world.
Graphic by Darnelle Fortune.
Situated right in the center, and taking up the second-most amount of space is Africa.
It’s a continent that, when you consider it next to the others, is almost impossible to overlook.
You’d have to be trying really hard not to see the continent at all. But that is what happens, isn’t it?
Africa and her issues go unseen by so much of the world and a major reason for this is mainstream media not creating the space to cover Africa and her crises.
At the beginning of every year, the humanitarian organization CARE International releases a report that lists 10 of the world’s most underreported crises from the previous year.
This is not to say that other continents and the countries within them don’t have crises, or that one crisis is more harmful than another, it’s to highlight that there is a great deal of need that is going unnoticed and the longer need goes unnoticed, the longer it takes to resolve.
For virtual events it allows a meeting place where all those attending individual sessions, panels, tracks or exhibit booths in a Shindig-enabled event, to navigate to a single shared experience and meet up, just as they might if the event were in person.
One of the key additional differentiators of this feature is that all the private conversations can go on while the participants are also able to peruse and interact with the conference program directory, discussing with friends and colleagues what session, panel, track, or booth they might attend together next while jointly exploring the full conference guide.
Addressing the clamoring need for better virtual and hybrid event networking, Shindig today introduces a patented virtual lobby functionality; a virtual experience where event attendees can mingle, network and conduct private business on the platform.
“The innovation is designed for both virtual events and hybrid events”
TRUSTANJAMESJR
For hybrid events the function adds two critical new elements.
First, it provides a venue for in-person guests to engage with online participants freely on their mobile phones, critically uniting both audiences together for purposes of private conversation.
Second, it helps event hosts avoid “dead air” in their livestreams and provides opportunities for the online audience to engage during breaks required between the in-person sessions, which otherwise would cause the online audience to be lost and otherwise leave the event.
In the 2021 Event Tech Innovation Report, the EventMB publication cited ‘the biggest challenge for planners in virtual events is how to keep attendees engaged’.
Virtual events also promise to play a significant role in hybrid events, as they can allow in-person attendees to take advantage of the opportunity to engage with the potentially larger audience attending online, and vice versa.
In response to this need, Steve Gottlieb, CEO & Founder of Shindig, Inc. said, “while many platforms claim that one-on-one appointments, speed dating or text interactions are the same as networking, those just don’t compare to real life behavior people want
“And just like an in-person event lobby, the Shindig lobby is perfect for sponsor messaging, video displays, dynamic CTA’s and other activities that can be facilitated in a conference reception space”
The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo is a historical fiction novel by American author Taylor Jenkins Reid and published by Atria Books in 2017.
The novel tells the story of the fictional Old Hollywood star Evelyn Hugo, who at the age of 79 decides to give a final interview to an unknown journalist, Monique Grant.
“Taylor Jenkins Reid” is an American essayist and author who majors on the genre of fiction. She is the highly acclaimed author of tear jerking, romantic books such as One True Love, Maybe in Another Life, After I Do, and Forever, Interrupted.
“Evelyn reveals she has no interest in giving an interview for Vivant”
INSIDERNOTES
According to Reid, Evelyn Hugo was loosely based in part on actresses Elizabeth Taylor, who was married eight times to seven different men, and Ava Gardner, who revealed the secrets of her life to a journalist which was eventually published as Ava Gardner: The Secret Conversations.
Monique Grant, a reporter for Vivant magazine, has been individually selected to interview Evelyn Hugo, a reclusive former star, who is auctioning some of her famous gowns to raise money for a breast cancer charity.
Monique is confused as to why Evelyn has chosen her, but goes to Evelyn’s apartment to meet her.
“Evelyn is 14 when she marries her first husband, Ernie Diaz, in order to reach Hollywood and escape her abusive father in Hell’s Kitchen”
MONIQUEGRANT
She falls in love with and marries actor Don Adler, but in the following months, Don begins to abuse Evelyn when pressure is placed on his career.
In an adaptation of Little Women, Evelyn, now 21, stars opposite Celia St. James. Evelyn is initially jealous of Celia’s talent, but the two quickly form a bond. At a party, Evelyn is told that Celia is a lesbian.
21’s birthday was on Friday, and he celebrated with a major Freaknik-themed bash in the ATL. You might’ve seen the awesome fire red pickup truck Thug gifted to his homey — but what you didn’t know, until now, is the whip cost $150k!!!
Young Thug is about that big spender lifestyle — especially when it comes to his pal 21 Savage … who just hit 29, and YT went all out for his very pricey gift … some very expensive wheels.
Roadshow International — a luxury car dealership in Atlanta — tells TMZ … the truck itself is a Dodge Hellcat TRX, new models of which can range anywhere from $60k to $72k right off the lot.
“It also has a “21” emblazoned across the door”
TRISTANJAMESJR
But, watch this video showing all the truck’s features and you’ll see why Thug paid way more than that.
Not just that, but the interior bears 21 Savage’s face too … a rendering of himself is stitched right into the upholstery of some of the seats — so there’s no question whose ride this is.
Herm, who owns Roadshow Int’l, says he had 3 days to work on the truck, and sure enough … he got it done in time for the big birthday party. Talk about a good friend, and talk about some nice nice things.
Music star Davido and his former lover, Chioma Rowland, have gotten members of the online community talking as they were spotted again after the festivities of their son’s birthday parties.
A photo making the rounds online captured Davido and Chioma posing together alongside their son inside a church. The parents seemed to have visited a branch of the popular Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG).
Davido carried Ifeanyi while Chioma posed just beside him for the photo. As expected, many Nigerians in the online community could not stop talking with some people suggesting that Chioma is still in love with the father of her child.
“The photo sparked reactions from members of the online community with some noting that Chioma still loves the singer”
INSIDERNOTES
Here are some of the highlights from post comments and likes, 👇👇👇
salemchad said: “The way she stood next to him shows she’s still in love with him. And then the color combo.”
bibii___m said: “Chioma still loves Davido….it’s so obvious.” titilayyyo said: “Who else notice chef chi is very happy.”
floxylaah said: “Davido please come back to Chioma I love you both together.”
isaaction4u said: “Be like say them done come back together.”
miss.ifeyinwa said: “It’s the matching orange for me.”
Where to start is to download the e-Naira app from google store place or apple.
Note that after requesting the app, you may be asked to verify your identity by entering your passcode or by using Touch ID or Face ID.
From the Home screen, tap the App store. If the e-Naira Speed Wallet app isn’t available on your home screen, swipe left to access the App Library.
“33 banks fully integrated and live on the platform”
CBN
To install apps, you must sign in with your Apple ID or create one.
To browse the App Store, tap Apps. To search for apps by name, tap search (at the bottom) then type e-Naira Speed Wallet’s app.
When the app appears, tap the app. Tap GET, then tap INSTALL. Once successful downloaded, launch the e-Naira Speed Wallet.
“Over 120 merchants successfully registered”
CBN
Click on “Signup” to originate the onboarding process. Select your Relationship bank/e-Naira Partner. Enter mobile number and create password.
Enter the following: First name, Surname, Date of birth, State of Origin, Account number tied to your Bank, and BVN.
On successful validation, of the above details, a wallet activation mail is sent to the email address tied to your BVN.
“Tax base’ll increase as more businesses move to formal sector, Buhari enthuses”
INSIDERNOTES
Go to registered mailbox and confirm receipt of email. Click on “Active Wallet” to confirm your email and activate your speed e-Naira Wallet.
Enter your surname and password to login to the e-Naira Speed Wallet. To Fund the e-Naira Wallet, log in to your bank Mobile/Internet Banking platform and initiate the transfer to your wallet.
And your wallet will be credited with the amount requested from your account to your wallet.
Big Brother Naija (BBNaija) Shine Ya Eye finalist, Liquorose attended a public function with the mother of her lover in the house, Emmanuel.
Liquorose got special attention at the event. She appeared in a beautiful green gown as she exchanged pleasantries with other guests at the party.
A couple of fans have reacted to the video with some of them suggesting that Liquorose was mingling with her future mother-in-law. Legit.ng captured some of their reactions below:
However, Luno disclosed that the withdrawal and depositing of funds for Nigerian users will be done through a third-party platform.
“We believe that this is the safest and easiest-to-use solution currently available to our customers in Nigeria and look forward to you experiencing it for yourselves.”
INSIDERNOTES
Luno warns users that it “does not set the price of bitcoin or any cryptocurrencies, we only facilitate transactions between customers.
The return of Naira deposits and withdrawals may cause significant price volatility, with the release of pent-up customer demand to buy and sell cryptocurrency causing unusual market behaviour that could last for several weeks,” Luno said.
You will be able to deposit and withdraw funds to and from the Luno platform using vouchers purchased and redeemed through a trusted third party provider.
“Representation of cryptocurrency Bitcoin is placed on PC motherboard in this illustration taken, June 29, 2021. Representation of cryptocurrency Bitcoin is placed on PC motherboard in this illustration taken, June 29, 2021.”
45'MEDIA 